Guarana (aka Guaranine): Guarana is a bean from South America that contains roughly twice as much caffeine as coffee beans. As with ginseng, the amount of L-Carnitine in energy drinks isn't anywhere near high enough to be of concern, but it's also not enough to catalyze fat-burning effects (if they exist).
Some research suggests that supplementation with L-Carnitine is a good idea because it may help burn more fat during exercise, but there's no consensus on that. L-Carnitine: L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid that affects metabolism and energy levels. Not dangerous possibly useful for boosting energy. Too much ginseng can cause symptoms like headaches and diarrhea, but the amount in energy drinks is too low to be of concern. It's possible that ginseng works by helping to stimulate the hypothalamic and pituitary glands, which then secrete adrenal corticotropic hormone, leading to an increase in energy levels. Panax Ginseng (in Monster but not part of its "Blend"): Panax Ginseng (not the same as American Ginseng) is an herb that some research suggests increases energy and acts as an anti-fatigue agent. In any case, it's not dangerous and probably not useful. There's no obvious reason why this ingredient should be in energy drinks, other than Red Bull making it famous as part of their marketing campaign a few years ago and other brands followed suit. Some research suggests that in the brain taurine acts as a mild inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it reduces excitable brain states that manifest as higher anxiety levels. Taurine: Taurine is an amino acid your body naturally produces that helps regulate heartbeat, muscle contractions, and energy levels. Let's tour some of the ingredients in these blends and see what we're drinking. Monster's blend has a total of 2500 mg 5-Hour Energy's has 1870 mg. The first thing worth noticing is that both contain a handful of B vitamins, which may or may not have energy boosting effects depending on which research source you consult, followed by an "Energy Blend" that contains multiple ingredients, none of which are broken out individually by milligrams. I'm using these two examples because they cover most of the common ingredients found in energy drinks and shots. And below is the ingredient label for a 5-Hour Energy shot:
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